Sicilian gauge theories and N = 1 dualities

In theories without known Lagrangian descriptions, knowledge of the global symmetries is often one of the few pieces of information we have at our disposal. Gauging (part of) such global symmetries can then lead to interesting new theories, which are usually still quite mysterious. In this work, we describe a set of tools that can be used to explore the superconformal phases of these theories. In particular, we describe the contribution of such non-Lagrangian sectors to the NSVZ β-function, and elucidate the counting of marginal deformations. We apply our techniques to N = 1 theories obtained by mass deformations of the N = 2 conformal theories recently found by Gaiotto. Because the basic building block of these theories is a triskelion, or trivalent vertex, we dub them “Sicilian gauge theories.” We identify these N = 1 theories as compactifications of the six-dimensional AN (2, 0) theory on Riemann surfaces with punctures and SU(2) Wilson lines. These theories include the holographic duals of the N = 1 supergravity solutions found by Maldacena and Nuñez.